You've found the right home! Time to get with your agent and write up an offer. While differences in language will be found depending on your location, the basic parts of a real estate purchase contract are pretty similar across the board. Here's a run-down of the most important points to discuss.*

1. Purchase price: Seems like a no-brainer, right? Make sure that your offer is not so low that it offends the seller, but not so high that you have no room to negotiate. Talk to your agent about the current market conditions (More buyers than sellers? You may need to be aggressive.) and this particular property to arrive at a number that works for you.
2. Earnest money: While not required by law, in Ohio and many other areas it is customary for a buyer to offer earnest money as a show of good faith. This money is deposited in a special trust account by one of the brokers involved once the contract is final, and is held there until closing. Talk to your agent about what makes sense for the property you are interested in.
3. Financing: Making an offer contingent upon your ability to secure financing for the property is widely accepted. That means that if you can't find a bank to give you a mortgage, you won't be obligated to complete the sale. This is why it's a great idea to get pre-approved by at least one lender before making an offer.
4. Seller contribution: If you know that you're going to have high closing costs, or if you only have enough for the down payment without the other fees associated with buying a home, you may want to ask the seller to pay for a portion of your closing costs. Again, talk to your agent about this -- if it's a seller's market, it may be in your best interest to forget about this request.
5. Inspections: Unless you're an experienced home inspector, you should get a home inspection for any home you make an offer on. The contract will allow you to specify how long you have to schedule inspections, and how long you'll have to negotiate any repairs or credits with the seller. Your agent should know how busy local inspectors are to make sure you have enough time to get this done and carefully consider your options.
6. Inclusions & exclusions: Know what you're buying! Just because you saw appliances and window treatments at your showing doesn't mean that the seller plans to leave them for you. Make sure your agent has stated in the contract exactly which items you would like to be included in the sale.
7. Closing: The date of closing, when the property officially transfers ownership, is going to depend on clear title and loan approval. Your loan officer and your agent should be able to advise you whether the closing date should be 30 days away or longer; if you need additional time to sell a home or for school to let out, make sure you specify that in the contract.
8. Occupancy: It used to be customary in Ohio to allow the seller 30 days after closing to move their belongings out of the home, but today we're seeing more and more buyers requesting occupancy at closing due to liability concerns. Talk to your agent about what's customary in your area to determine what works best for you.

This definitely doesn't cover everything in the contract, but hopefully provides a nice summary of the big things to consider when making an offer. As with any legal document, you have the right to go over it with an attorney to ensure your rights are protected.

* I'm not an attorney, and this article is not legal advice. It merely describes what one might read in a real estate purchase contract.