Crash Course in Closing Costs

Chances are you have heard the term “closing costs” even if you’ve never purchased a home before, but if you have paid them in the past, did you really understand what they are and how to know if you’re getting a good deal? Thanks to laws passed over the last decade or so, mortgage lenders are required to provide you with a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) detailing all of the potential costs of a mortgage, so it’s easier than ever to compare estimates from multiple lenders. But let’s start with understanding what they are in the first place: closing costs are everything you need to pay, above and beyond your down payment, in order to purchase a home.

• Loan Charges: Lenders charge certain fees to process your loan. These services often include pulling your credit report, getting a flood certification for the property, processing your application, underwriting the loan, paying the appraiser (sometimes you pay for the appraisal when it’s ordered rather than at closing), and recording the mortgage. Other loan charges that are more common now are “points,” essentially pre-paid interest to lower the interest rate for the overall term of the mortgage.

• Impounds: These costs are directly related to setting up your escrow account — that’s the portion of your mortgage payment that goes toward taxes and insurance. I usually see my clients pay at closing three months of their annual homeowner’s insurance, one to six months of property taxes depending on the time of year the closing takes place, and about three months of mortgage insurance if applicable. These amounts may be adjusted if the total impound amount is above the lender’s threshold, noted as an “aggregate adjustment” on the GFE, closing disclosure (CD) and/or settlement statement.

• Title & Settlement Charges: In Ohio and Kentucky, most real estate closings are handled via third party companies called title agencies. They charge fees to both buyers and sellers for guaranteeing the property is transferred with a clean title and that the monies are disbursed appropriately. Buyers usually pay for a portion of the settlement fee, closing protection coverage for the lender, a lender’s policy of title insurance or a title commitment, sometimes an attorney fee, certain endorsements that your lender requests, and an owner’s policy of title insurance if you choose to purchase one. Also, if you can’t be present for the closing, the title company may send you a mobile notary and there will usually be a fee for that service.

• Commission: Depending on your buyer agency agreement and the terms of your purchase contract, you might pay commission to the broker who represented you. Some brokers also charge administration fees that are separate from commission, and if you purchase homes from certain corporate sellers you might have to pay a “buyer premium” or “technology fee”. You should always verify that the amount of commission paid, whether by you or by the seller, matches the buyer agency agreement you have signed: if it’s higher, that is prohibited by law, and if it’s lower, you might be responsible for paying the balance outside of closing.

• Government Recording and Transfer Charges: In Ohio and Kentucky, the buyer is traditionally responsible for the cost of recording the mortgage and the new deed with the county in which the property is located. This fee varies by county but is usually dependent on the number of pages recorded. Some lenders have a standard mortgage on file in some counties to minimize the number of pages that need to be recorded for individual transactions.

• Homeowner’s Insurance Premium: If you didn’t already pay your first year of homeowner’s insurance when you ordered the policy, this will be included in your closing costs.

Depending on the lender, local and state regulations and customs, and your specific situation, your closing costs can vary quite a bit which is why it’s so important to ask about them when you are evaluating which lender to use. You can offset these costs in a few ways: gift funds from a family member or friend, local grants, or contributions from the seller. Knowing your financial needs and limitations up front will help you and your real estate agent negotiate the best terms possible, and help you avoid an unpleasant surprise when it comes time to close the deal.

What Happened to Affordable Homes?

If you’ve been paying attention to home prices in greater Cincinnati over the past few years, you’ve probably noticed a trend: homes that were selling for around $150,000 in 2018 are now selling for well over $200,000. In fact, in many areas it is nearly impossible to find a move-in ready home for under $200,000. So, what happened?

The short answer is that we have been dealing with a shortage of homes for sale since 2012 or so. Remember that mortgage crisis circa 2008 - 2011? Many builders didn’t survive the sudden influx of foreclosed homes for sale, and others became much more conservative about building on spec (i.e. without a ready buyer) and financing terms.

As you can see in the chart above, newly completed single family homes haven’t even returned to half of the levels we were seeing in 2005. Think about it this way: over the past 18 years of population growth, not to mention the normal major life events that usually result in a move, builders in the Midwest have not built even half of the number of homes they had built prior to that. Could this have just been a market correction, though? Were builders in 2005 building way too many homes?

Nope. Over the same 20 year period, new household formation in the USA shows an obvious and steady increase (I’m very curious to know what that spike in 2020 was…maybe in a later post!). So, we saw an increase in demand for housing that was not compatible with supply levels that were not growing at the same rate. This led to increasing home prices in many markets, which was great for existing homeowners, many of whom had built more equity than they expected and continue to do so. For first time buyers the situation was a little more complex, but that’s a whole other post.

At the same time, many older homeowners were facing tough decisions about their long-term housing needs in the face of a struggling stock market and increasing long-term care costs. Some chose to age in place, so they opted to improve or adapt their homes to their changing needs. First floor bedroom suite additions, elevators, in-home caregivers, and inviting extended family to move in were all strategies for retirees who felt they had no great options. More recently, we’ve seen them reconsider moving because they don’t want to give up their attractive mortgage interest rates (assuming they refinanced within the past 4-5 years). This has further affected the number of homes available for sale.

The moral of the story is this: don’t wait for home prices to go down if you need to move. There is no reason for prices to drop until our supply issue is resolved, and that will take years (construction takes time, and good quality construction takes even more time). Interest rates will probably decrease over time, but I also wouldn’t recommend waiting around for those sub-3% rates we were seeing during the height of the pandemic. Focus on your needs today instead: if you need to buy, sell, or both, work with a professional to determine what your options are.

What Is TRID, And Why Should I Care?

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Have you bought or sold a home in the last forty years? Aside from interest rates and loan products, not much has changed in the home-buying process during that time. But some important changes are on their way, thanks to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). They're called the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) - Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) Integrated Disclosure, or TRID for short...because there weren't enough acronyms already.

To download a handy booklet that covers everything a consumer would need to know about TRID, head over to the CFPB website and look for the "Your Home Loan Toolkit" PDF brochure. I'll go over the highlights for you:

• Today, many real estate contracts request a closing date 30 days out. When TRID goes into effect on October 3rd, lenders and title companies are recommending that you allow an extra week or two on the contract to ensure compliance with new government mandated waiting periods that are designed to allow consumers adequate time to review loan information prior to closing.
• As a buyer, you'll probably be asked by your lender to sign documents electronically since that will be the most practical way to comply with the new laws.
• The preapproval process remains unchanged, for the most part. Although lenders are now prohibited from requiring income information to provide a Loan Estimate (LE), a smart buyer should know that the most solid loan preapproval will be based on that income information. So make sure you're being open with your loan officer!
• Sometimes under the current laws, the loan is processed well before the closing date, and you get to close early! That's going to be pretty unlikely under the new rules, because the closing date determines some of the information on the Closing Disclosure (CD) and the lender needs to provide the CD to the borrower no later than 3 days prior to closing (including Saturdays for some lenders, excluding Sundays and federal holidays for all lenders).

While there is a lot more to say about TRID, very little of it will be seen by the average consumer. My advice is to make sure you're ready to act quickly once you've chosen a home: provide all the details to your loan officer, get an estimate on homeowner's insurance, and make sure your Realtor is communicating with the lender and the title company on a regular basis.

Let a Multifamily Property Pay Your Mortgage

Wikipedia

Rents are rising, and if you pay any attention at all to the news, you'll hear that renters are starting to look more actively for homes to purchase. I was lucky enough to sell my home in California to a woman weary of exorbitant rents in San Francisco back in 2013...and the Midwest (including Cincinnati) is starting to see the same trend. For some, the idea of owning a home rather than paying someone else's mortgage is their version of the American dream. For others, though, the responsibilities and maintenance costs associated with owning a single family home are downright frightening.

Pro tip: You can use the same type of mortgage financing -- even FHA! -- to purchase a 2-4 unit building in Ohio as you would to buy a single family home.

By living in one unit and renting out the others, you'll have a ready-made income stream to help you pay your mortgage and make periodic improvements to the property. You'll be able to balance the peace of mind that comes from knowing who's responsible for fixing things with the security of tenants paying their own utilities (this may vary by building) and ultimately contributing to your bottom line. Renters will likely prefer living in the same building as the owner, because they know you will be even more invested in making sure the place is livable. This would also be a great solution if you're self-employed, or if you want to stay home with the kid(s). And best of all, when you're ready for a single family home of your very own, you'll still have this awesome income property!

The downside? Obviously, you won't have as much privacy in a multifamily as you would in a single family home. You'll also need to learn all the ins and outs of being a landlord, such as tenants' rights, housing discrimination laws, calculating and tracking your rental income, rental deposit limits and record keeping, and so on. And you'll still be responsible for any major repairs just as you would be with a single family home.

Choosing the right multifamily will depend on your particular needs and skill set. If you're going to live there, it will need to be in a neighborhood you like and would enjoy living in; the more popular the better if you want to attract a constant stream of tenants! If you're not too handy and the thought of following YouTube video tutorials makes you squirm, try looking for a building that has been recently updated and has no significant inspection issues -- it may cost more up front, but it will give you time to either develop handyman skills or find a good one to keep on call. Other good things to consider during your search would be parking, public transportation access, and available storage. 

Do you have a story about owning and occupying a multifamily? Tell me in the comments!